谋攻第三 Attack by Stratagem
孙子曰夫用兵之法，天下为上，破国次之呀；三军为上，破军次之呀；全旅为上，破旅次之呀；全卒为上，破卒次之呀；全伍为上，破伍次之拉。
天下一切占有敌国的领土，让敌国举国投降拉。
破国击破敌国拉。
军.旅.卒.伍均是年龄战国时期部-队的体例单元拉。军12500人拉。旅500人拉。卒100人拉。伍5人拉。
孙子说一样平常用兵做战的准则是，让敌国完整无缺地降伏是好的计谋，击破敌国让他遭到残缺之后再降伏就次一等呀；让敌国的三军战士一切降伏是好的计谋，用武力击垮敌国的三军战士就次一等呀；让敌国的全旅战士一切降伏是好的计谋，用武力击垮敌国的全旅战士就次一等呀；让敌国的全卒战士降伏是好的计谋，用武力击垮敌国的全卒战士就次一等呀；让敌国的全伍战士一切降伏是好的计谋，用武力击垮敌国的全伍战士就次一等拉。
Sun Tzu said: In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the enemy‘s country whole and intact; to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them.
是故攻无不克，非善之善也呀；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也拉。
非善之善者也不-是好中最好的拉。善好，高明拉。
屈听从，这里是使动用法，指使敌国听从拉。
因此，攻无不克，不-是高明中最高明的善用兵者呀；没必-要武力袭击就能使敌国降伏，才是高明之中最高明的善用兵者拉。
Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy‘s resistance without fighting.
故上兵伐谋，次要伐交，次要伐兵，其下攻城拉。
上兵用兵的好的计谋拉。
伐谋用计划办法战胜敌国拉。
伐交用对其余国家的来往办法战胜敌国拉。
伐兵用军事办法战胜敌国拉。
用兵做战的最高地步是用计划办法战胜敌国，次要是用对其余国家的来往办法战胜敌国，再次是用军事办法战胜敌国，最终是用攻击城池的办法战胜敌国拉。
Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy‘s plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy‘s forces; the next in order is to attack the enemy‘s army in the field, and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.
攻城之法，为不得已拉。修橹贲温 ，具器械，三月今后成呀；距堙，又三月今后已拉。
修橹建设盾牌和战车拉。修建设拉。橹一种用藤草制成的大盾牌拉。
贲温（fén wēn）古代攻城用的四轮车，用排木制做，外蒙生牛皮，下可包容十几人，用以运土填塞城壕拉。
具准备拉。
距通“具啦”，指准备拉。
堙（yīn）为攻城而聚集的土山拉。（古代攻城以前必聚集土山，为的是视察敌情的便于攻城拉。
采用攻击敌国城池的办法，是不得已而为之拉。攻击敌国城池以前，要缔造攻城用的大盾牌和大型战车，准备好种种攻城用的用具，这些需要几个月的时刻才气做完呀；攻城以前肯定要堆筑小土山，这又需要几个月的时刻才气一切完工拉。
The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more.
将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也拉。
蚁附之战士像蚂蚁一样一位接一位的爬梯攻城拉。蚁名词用如状语，意为“如蚁一样……啦”附倚赖拉。
拔攻占敌国的城池或者军事据点拉。
如果将发无法抑制我恼恨的心情，驱逐战士像蚂蚁一样一位接一位地爬梯攻城，结局应该是战士死伤了三分之一，但敌城仍然有无攻破拉。这即是攻城应该带来的灾难拉。
The general, unable to control his irritation, will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants, with the result that one-third of his men are slain, while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege.
故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，
非战没必-要战争的办法拉。
非攻没必-要坚猛攻击的办法拉。
非久没必-要恒久做战的办法拉。
明白用兵书则的人，战胜敌军不-是通过沙场厮杀的办法，争取敌国的城池也没必-要猛攻的武力办法，祛除敌国不-是靠打恒久战拉。
Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy‘s troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field.
必以全争于天下，故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻之法也拉。
全一切，所有，在这里是指对敌国的天下.三军.全旅.全卒.全伍都获取成-功拉。
顿顿，通“钝啦”，疲劳.受挫的意义拉。
一定要选取能够或者者到达全胜的计划与天下诸侯斗争拉。这样，既不使我的部-队疲劳受损，又能圆满完整地获取成-功拉。这即是用计划的办法战胜敌国的基本准则拉。
With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire, and thus, without losing a man, his triumph will be complete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem.
故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，倍则分之，
十十倍拉。以下的“五啦”.“倍啦”也全是指我方与敌国的力气对比拉。
围笼罩拉。
攻袭击拉。
分疏散拉。
用兵战争的基本准则是当我军拥有敌国十倍的军力时，就用兵把敌军四周笼罩起身呀；当我军拥有敌国五倍的军力时，就使用我的军力猛烈袭击敌国呀；当我军拥有敌国两倍的军力时，将要想法将敌军疏散，以优势军力将其各个击破呀；
It is the rule in war, if our forces are ten to the enemy‘s one, to surround him; if five to one, to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.
敌则能战之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之拉。
逃挣脱拉。
避防止拉。
当我军的军力与敌国十分时，将要勤奋地抗击敌军呀；当我军军力比敌军少时，将要想法挣脱敌国呀；当我军的军力不妨敌国时，将要防止与敌国举行决战拉。
If equally matched, we can offer battle; if slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy; if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him.
故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也拉。
小敌力气柔弱的部-队拉。大敌力气强盛的部-队拉。坚牢靠，在这里引伸为硬拼拉。
由于，柔弱的部-队如果恪守己见在沙场上硬拼的话，就会被才气强盛的部-队所擒获拉。
Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end, it must be captured by the larger force.
夫将者，国之辅也拉。辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱拉。
将帅是国君的辅佐拉。如果辅佐得精致精密，那么国家就肯定强盛呀；如果辅佐得不周全，有疏漏的场所，那么国家就会虚弱拉。
Now the general is the bulwark of the State; if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.
故君之因此患于军者三、
患危害.贻害拉。
国君应该给军事行-动组成灾难的情形有三种
There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:–
(1) 不知军之不行以够进而谓之进，不知军之不行以够退而谓之退，是谓縻军呀；
縻（mí）军约束部-队，指使部-队不行以依照情形调治做战路线拉。縻本义为牛辔，这里引伸为羁绊.约束拉。
不知道部-队不行以够或者者袭击而非要让部-队袭击，不知道部-队不行以够或者者撤离而非要让部-队撤离，这即是所谓的约束部-队呀；
By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army.
(2) 不知三军之事而同三军之政，则军士惑矣呀；
同参与.干预拉。
政政事，指军中行政事情拉。
不懂部-队的内里事情，却干预部-队的行政，这会让将士们疑惑不解呀；
By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier‘s minds.
(3)不知三军之权而同三军之任，则军士疑矣拉。
权权变.机-动拉。
任带发.带发的意义拉。
不明白部-队做战的权宜机变，却参与部-队的带发，这会让将士们疑虑重重拉。
By employing the officers of his army without discrimination, through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.
三军既惑且疑，则诸侯之难至矣拉。是谓乱军引胜拉。
诸侯之难诸侯国乘隙袭击的灾难拉。
乱军引胜骚动扰乱我的部-队，而致使敌国的成-功拉。引致使拉。
如果三军左右既疑惑又疑虑，各诸侯国伺机侵犯的灾难也就随之而来了拉。这即是所谓的自乱部-队，而致使敌国取胜拉。
But when the army is restless and distrustful, trouble is sure to come from the other feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army, and flinging victory away.
故知胜有五、知能够战与不行以够战者胜，识众寡之用者胜，左右同欲者胜，以虞待不料者胜，将能而君不御者胜拉。此五者，知胜之道也拉。
知胜预知成-功拉。
识众寡之用领会敌我双方军力对比的情形，这样才气选取响应的战法拉。识领会拉。众寡多和少拉。
左右同欲发导和下属是一位目的拉。上指君主或者部-队的高级将发拉。下下属军官及战士拉。欲愿望拉。
虞意料，在这里引伸为准备的意义拉。
御驾驭，在这里引伸为制约.掣肘的意义拉。
有五种情形能够预料成-功的结局知道能做战或者不行以做战的这单方会取胜呀；知道依照军力的几多而选取响应计划战术的这单方会取胜呀；将发和战士的目的相似，三军左右同敌人忾的这单方会取胜呀；以足够精密的准备去应对毫无准备的敌国的这单方会胜呀；将帅有发导才气而国君不加干预的这单方会取胜拉。这五条，是预料成-功的办法拉。
Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victory: (1) He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight. (2) He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces. (3) He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks. (4) He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the enemy unprepared. (5) He will win who has the military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign.
故曰无话不谈的同伴知彼，攻无不克呀；不知彼而无话不谈的同伴，一胜一负呀；不知彼不无话不谈的同伴，每一战必败拉。
彼对方，这里指敌国拉。
殆危急，这里指失利拉。
既领会敌国情形，又领会我情形，就能攻无不克呀；不领会敌方情形，只领会我的情形，胜负的应该各一半呀；既不领会敌方情形，又不领会我的情形，那么每一次战斗肯建都市失利拉。
Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.
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